Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...

is a

Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...

n country, inhabited mostly by

mestizo (; ; fem. ) is a term used for racial classification to refer to a person of mixed Ethnic groups in Europe, European and Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous American ancestry. In certain regions such as Latin America, it may also r ...

s (persons of mixed

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

an and indigenous ancestry). The music of Panama is heavily based on the folk music of Spain, particularly that of

Andalusia Andalusia (, ; es, Andalucía ) is the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognised as a ...

and was influenced first by the indigenous populations of Kunas,

Teribes The Naso or Teribe people (also Tjër Di) are an indigenous people of Panama and Costa Rica. They primarily live in northwest Panama in the Bocas del Toro Province and Naso Tjër Di Comarca. There are roughly 3,500 people who belong to the Naso t ...

, Ngobe Bugle and others, and then by the black population who were brought over, first as slaves from Africa, between the 16th century and the 19th century, and then voluntarily (especially from

Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...

and

Tobago Tobago () is an List of islands of Trinidad and Tobago, island and Regions and municipalities of Trinidad and Tobago, ward within the Trinidad and Tobago, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It is located northeast of the larger island of Trini ...

Barbados Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of the Americas, and the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands. It occupies an area of and has a population of about 287,000 (2019 estimate). ...

Martinique Martinique ( , ; gcf, label=Martinican Creole, Matinik or ; Kalinago: or ) is an island and an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France. An integral part of the French Republic, Martinique is located in th ...

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label=Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the ...

Dominica Dominica ( or ; Kalinago: ; french: Dominique; Dominican Creole French: ), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of the island. It is geographically ...

Saint Lucia Saint Lucia ( acf, Sent Lisi, french: Sainte-Lucie) is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean. The island was previously called Iouanalao and later Hewanorra, names given by the native Arawaks and Caribs, two Amerindian ...

) to work on the Panamanian Railroad and Canal projects between the 1840s and 1914. With this heritage, Panama has a rich and diverse music history, and important contributions to cumbia, saloma, pasillo, punto, tamborito, mejorana, bolero, jazz, salsa, reggae, calypso, rock and other musical genres.

Saloma and mejorana

The

saloma Salmah binti Ismail (Jawi script, Jawi: سلمه بنت إسماعيل; ‎ 22 January 1935 – 25 April 1983), better known by her stage name Saloma, was a Malay Singaporean-Malaysian singer, film actress, trendsetter and a fashion icon ...

and

mejorana The mejoranera or mejorana is a folkloric chordophone from Panama. It is carved from one block of wood (usually cedar) or from dry fibers of Bejuco, and is shaped like a small guitar. It has five nylon, horse hair, or gut strings. The mejoraner ...

feature a distinctive vocal style said to derive from Sevillians. The most important native instruments used to play these musics are the

mejoranera The mejoranera or mejorana is a folkloric chordophone from Panama. It is carved from one block of wood (usually cedar) or from dry fibers of Bejuco, and is shaped like a small guitar. It has five nylon, horse hair, or gut strings. The mejoraner ...

, a five-stringed

guitar The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that typically has six strings. It is usually held flat against the player's body and played by strumming or plucking the strings with the dominant hand, while simultaneously pressing selected stri ...

accompanying songs called mejoranas as well as '' torrentes'', and the rabel, a violin with three strings used to play

cumbia Cumbia refers to a number of musical rhythms and folk dance traditions of Latin America, generally involving musical and cultural elements from American Indigenous peoples, enslaved Africans during colonial times, and Europeans. Examples include: ...

s, puntos and

pasillo Pasillo ( en, little step, hallway or aisle) is a Colombian, genre of music extremely popular in the territories that composed the 19th century Viceroyalty of New Granada: Born in the Colombian Andes during the independence wars, it spread to oth ...

s in the central provinces of Coclé, Herrera, Los Santos and

Veraguas Veraguas () is a province of Panama, located in the centre-west of the country. The capital is the city of Santiago de Veraguas. It is the only Panamanian province to border both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It covers an area of 10,587.6&nb ...

Cumbia

Closely related to its more well-known Colombian cousin, Panamanian ''

'', especially '' amanojá'' and '' atravesao'' styles, are domestically popular. Another important music is punto and the salon dances like ''

'', ''

danza Danza is a musical genre that originated in Ponce, a city in southern Puerto Rico. It is a popular turn-of-the-twentieth-century ballroom dance genre slightly similar to the waltz. Both the danza and its cousin the contradanza are sequence danc ...

'' and ''

contradanza ''Contradanza'' (also called ''contradanza criolla'', ''danza'', ''danza criolla'', or ''habanera'') is the Spanish and Spanish-American version of the contradanse, which was an internationally popular style of music and dance in the 18th centu ...

''. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the ''

Pasillo Pasillo ( en, little step, hallway or aisle) is a Colombian, genre of music extremely popular in the territories that composed the 19th century Viceroyalty of New Granada: Born in the Colombian Andes during the independence wars, it spread to oth ...

'' music was very popular.

Tamborito

A folk dance, called ''

tamborito El Tamborito, literally translated to "the Little Drum", is a genre of Panamanian Folk music, folkloric music and Folk dance, dance dating back as early as the 17th century. Likewise, it is the typical genre of the north coast of the Colombian Pac ...

'' is very popular. Danced by men and women in costumes, the

is led by a cantalante, a female lead singer, who is backed by a

clapping A clap is the percussive sound made by striking together two flat surfaces, as in the body parts of humans or animals. Humans clap with the palms of their hands, often quickly and repeatedly to express appreciation or approval (see applause), b ...

chorus (the "''estribillo''") that sings four-line stanzas of '' copla'' (a lyrical form related to

Spanish poetry This article concerns poetry in Spain. Medieval Spain The Medieval period covers 400 years of different poetry texts and can be broken up into five categories. Primitive lyrics Since the findings of the Kharjas, which are mainly two, three, o ...

) as well as three drums.

Congo

A somewhat similar genre called congo is popular among the black communities of the northern coast in Costa Arriba, which includes Portobelo, a province of Colón.

Tipico

Contemporary popular Panama folkloric music is generally called música típicoLa música típica popular vive en el panameño, David Alejandro Chacón, Panana-ElVenozalona, 29/10/2016
/ref> , or pindín, which since the 1940s has included instruments such as the guiro, conga and especially the accordion, among others. Some famous Panamanian artists in this genre are Aceves Nunez, Teresín Jaén, Ulpiano Vergara, Lucho De Sedas y Juan De Sedas, Dorindo Cárdenas, Victorio Vergara Batista, Roberto "Papi" Brandao, Nenito Vargas, Yin Carrizo, Abdiel Núñez, Manuel de Jesús Abrego, and ''

Samy y Sandra Sandoval Samy and Sandra Sandoval are a brother and sister musical duo from Panama. They perform típico, a form of traditional Panamanian music and Panamanian-style cumbia. They have been praised as ''patrónes de la cumbia'' ("masters of cumbia"), a ...

''.

Salsa

Panama's leading

salsa Salsa most often refers to: * Salsa (Mexican cuisine), a variety of sauces used as condiments * Salsa music, a popular style of Latin American music * Salsa (dance), a Latin dance associated with Salsa music Salsa or SALSA may also refer to: A ...

musician,

Ruben Blades Reuben or Reuven is a Hebrew Bible, Biblical male first name from Hebrew רְאוּבֵן (Re'uven), meaning "behold, a son". In the Bible, Reuben (son of Jacob), Reuben was the Reuben (son of Jacob), firstborn son of Jacob. Variants include R� ...

, has achieved international stardom, after collaborating with other local musicians like Rómulo Castro and Tuira. Other world-famous musicians from Panama included Luis Russell, who played with Louie Armstrong in the 1920s, Mauricio Smith, a noted saxophone and flute player who played with

Chubby Checker Chubby Checker (born Ernest Evans; October 3, 1941) is an American rock and roll singer and dancer. He is widely known for popularizing many dance styles, including The Twist dance style, with his 1960 hit cover of Hank Ballard & The Midnighte ...

, Charles Mingus,

Dizzy Gillespie John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, educator and singer. He was a trumpet virtuoso and improviser, building on the virtuosic style of Roy Eldridge but addi ...

, Machito and Mongo Santamaría, among others. Victor "Vitin" Paz, a pillar of the Latin jazz trumpet, was a cornerstone of the Fania All Stars for many years. * Gaitanes, La KShamba, Roberto Delgado and many others.

Jazz

Panama has a long history in

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a major ...

, beginning with

Luis Russell Luis Russell (August 5, 1902 – December 11, 1963) was a pioneering Panamanian jazz pianist, orchestra leader, composer, and arranger. Career Luis Carl Russell was born on Careening Cay, near Bocas del Toro, Panama, in a family of African-Car ...

, pianist, composer and director, who traveled to New Orleans in 1919 and made important contributions. By the 1940s the port city of Colón boasted at least ten local jazz orchestras. Legends of Jazz in Panama included pianist and composer Victor Boa, bassist Clarence Martin, singer Barbara Wilson and French horn player John "Rubberlegs" McKindo. This jazz legacy was recently reinvigorated when the US-based Panamanian pianist

Danilo Perez Danilo is a given name found in Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Serbian. Notable people with the name Danilo include: Athletes Footballers * Danilo (footballer, born 1979), Brazilian footballer Danilo de Andrade * Danilo (footballer, born 19 ...

organized the first jazz Festival in January 2004.

Calypso

Panama also boasts a vibrant history of calypso and mento music sung by nationally well-known musicians such as Lord Panama, Lord Delicious, Two-Gun Smokey, Lady Trixie, Lord Kon-Tiki, Lord Kitti, and Lord Cobra and the Pana-Afro sounds.

Modern times

By the 1960s, local doo-wop groups were evolving into what became known as the Combos Nacionales, five to ten musician groups using electric instruments and incorporating the diverse sounds of

, calypso,

, merengue, doo wop, soul and funk. Famous Combos Nacionales included The Silvertones, The Exciters, The Fabulous Festivals, The Beachers, The Soul Fantastics, Los Mozambiques, The Goombays, Los Juveniles, Roberto y su Zafra and Bush y sus Magnificos. By 1970, the dynamic Combos Nacionales sound dominated Panamanian popular music, only winding down toward the late 1970s.

Reggae en Español In Panama, dancehall reggae sung in Spanish language by artists of Latin American origin is known as ''Reggae en Español'' (in English, Spanish reggae). It originated in the late 1980s in Panama. ''Reggae en Español'' goes by several names; ...

originated in Panama, known as Spanish reggae is very popular among youth, and spawned the Spanish language dancehall also known as ''

reggae en español In Panama, dancehall reggae sung in Spanish language by artists of Latin American origin is known as ''Reggae en Español'' (in English, Spanish reggae). It originated in the late 1980s in Panama. ''Reggae en Español'' goes by several names; ...

'' (Spanish dancehall) style known as the predecessor to

reggaeton Reggaeton (, ), also known as reggaetón and reguetón (), is a music style that originated in Panama during the late 1980s. It was later popularized in Puerto Rico. It has evolved from dancehall and has been influenced by American Hip hop m ...

, which originated with such artists as

El General Edgardo Armando Franco (born 27 September 1969), better known as El General, is a Panamanian former reggae artist considered by some to be one of the fathers of "Reggae en Español". During the early 1990s, he was one of the artists who initiate ...

Nando Boom Nando Boom is a reggae en Español singer from Panamá led by Fernando Brown.Harris, CraigNando Boom Biography, AllMusic. Retrieved 15 February 2011 Brown began singing in 1977, and "Nando Boom" started in 1985. Nando Boom's new and speedy mu ...

, Renato, Mr. Rico,

Aldo Ranks Aldo Vargas, known by his stage name Aldo Ranks, is a Panamanian musician of reggae en Español. From 1992 to 1998, he was the most outstanding and youngest rapper in Panama, supported by producers such as El Chombo and DJ Pablito on albums such ...

Kafu Banton Zico Alberto Garibaldi Roberts (born June 3, 1979), better known by his stage name Kafu Banton, is a Panamanian singer and songwriter of Spanish dancehall. Life Kafu was born in 1979 in Cólon, Panama City. The name is expired in Kafu follo ...

, Jam & Suppose, Danger Man and Chicho Man, before becoming popular in

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...

, the

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares wit ...

and eventually amongst youth in the United States. As of 2006, Panama has become a major source and contributor to reggaeton and, especially as Reggaeton from Panama is on the rise and continues to dominate charts in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

and abroad. The Pioneers of the International Reggae en Espanol movement out of Panama were Gary H. Mason aka: Big Daddy G., and Luis "Wicho" Phillips aka: The Karma Master. They introduced and produced the songs "El Meneaito" performed by Gaby, "Soy El Mas Sensual" performed by Renato, "Camión Lleno de Gunn" performed by Jam & Suppose, "El Marciano" performed by Cocoman, as well as hits by Reggae Sam, Aldo Ranks, Toby King, Reggae Kid, and many other well known Panamanian Artists. While often still referred as Reggae, much of the current Panamanian reggae scene is based in Jamaica's

dancehall Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially, dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s.Barrow, Steve & Dalton, Peter (2004) "The Rou ...

scene. The genre still maintains some of the style of the earlier ''reggae en Español'', such as the laidback lyrics and references to everyday life, but some details, like the common practice of taking Jamaican dancehall songs (or even non-dancehall songs, as the case of

Benny Benassi Marco "Benny" Benassi (; born 13 July 1967) is an Italian DJ, record producer and remixer. He is widely seen as a pioneer of electro house, a genre brought into the mainstream by his 2002 summer club hit " Satisfaction". He started his career ...

's Satisfaction) and releasing them with Spanish lyrics but otherwise minor to no differences with the original track, is now often criticized as

plagiarism Plagiarism is the fraudulent representation of another person's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work.From the 1995 '' Random House Compact Unabridged Dictionary'': use or close imitation of the language and thought ...

, mainly due to Internet, which has allowed people to have more awareness about a song's origins. One of such artists to often face said criticism is Japanese, who tends to release songs based on viral hits like

Gangnam Style "Gangnam Style" ( ko, 강남스타일, ) is a K-pop song by South Korean rapper Psy, released on July 15, 2012, by YG Entertainment as the lead single of his sixth studio album, ''Psy 6 (Six Rules), Part 1'' (''Ssai Yukgap Part 1''). The term ...

or "Moving like Bernie" (a song involving the "Bernie dance" dance moves), or popular songs like Wiggle. This criticism, however, is mostly related to what some people consider "uninspired lyrics". Some speculate that the plagiarism issue is what keeps Panamanian and Jamaican dancehall scenes rarely colliding in the form of music collaborations, despite the closeness of both cultures. Parallel to this, reggae influences in Panama have also spawned several popular reggae roots bands, such as Cellula, Pureza Natural, Raices y Cultura, Inspiración Mística, Panta Rey, among others. While reggae entered the country through Antillian immigrants, it has reached all sorts of people, like Mestizo singer from Coclé I-Nesta, who has experimented with traditional reggae roots, dancehall and even reggae fusion, and has collaborated with Argentinian reggae singer

Fidel Nadal Fidel Nadal (; born Fidel Ernesto Nadal on October 4, 1965) is an Afro-Argentinian Reggae musician, songwriter and pioneer of Argentine Reggae and the underground punk/hardcore movement of Argentina. Life and work Nadal was born into an academ ...

. Reggae roots remains popular among Panamanian youth of different regions, classes and races, specially among Rastas and secular weed subculture. A thriving and very popular ''

rock en español Rock en español () is a term used widely in the English-speaking world to refer to any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals. Compared to English-speaking bands, very few acts reached worldwide success or between Spanish-speaking countrie ...

'' scene has produced such groups as Orquesta Garash, Radicales Libres, Filtro Medusa, Skamilonga,

Los Rabanes Los Rabanes is a Latin Grammy winning ska rock fusion band from Chitré, Herrera, Panama. With a career spanning two decades and eight albums, they are considered pioneers in the region, and are the first band from Central America to win a Latin ...

, Xantos Jorge, Cage 9,

Factor VIII Factor VIII (FVIII) is an essential blood-clotting protein, also known as anti-hemophilic factor (AHF). In humans, factor VIII is encoded by the ''F8'' gene. Defects in this gene result in hemophilia A, a recessive X-linked coagulation disorder. ...

, Os Almirantes, Nervial,

Los 33 LOS, or Los, or LoS may refer to: Science and technology * Length of stay, the duration of a single episode of hospitalisation * Level of service, a measure used by traffic engineers * Level of significance, a measure of statistical significance ...

, Señor Loop, Roba Morena, Out-reazon, Lemmiwinks, Skraped Knees, Calibre 57, ROGAM, Cabeza De Martillo, just to name a few. Solo artists like Cienfue and Horacio Valdés have also proved popular. In recent years, the Electronic Dance Music scene of Panama has flourished, not being restricted just to concerts by

David Guetta Pierre David Guetta ( , ; born 7 November 1967) is a French DJ and music producer. He has over 10 million album and 65 million single sales globally, with more than 10 billion streams. In 2011, 2020 and 2021, Guetta was voted the number one D ...

Tiësto Tijs Michiel Verwest (; born 17 January 1969), known professionally as Tiësto ( ), is a Dutch DJ and music producer from Breda. He was voted "the Greatest DJ of All Time" by '' Mix'' magazine in a 2010/2011 poll amongst fans. In 2013, he was ...

, but having full-fledged electronic music festivals like The Day After, which have featured famous EDM acts like

Afrojack Nick Leonardus van de Wall (; born 9 September 1987), better known as Afrojack, is a Dutch DJ, music producer and remixer from Spijkenisse, South Holland. In 2007, he founded the record label Wall Recordings; his debut album '' Forget the World' ...

Nervo Nervo (stylised as NERVO) are an Australian DJ duo comprising twin sisters Olivia and Miriam Nervo (born 18 February 1982). After signing with Sony/ATV Music Publishing at 18 years of age, the sisters pursued careers as songwriting partners and ...

Martin Garrix Martijn Gerard Garritsen (; born 14 May 1996), known professionally as Martin Garrix and also as Ytram and GRX, is a Dutch disc jockey and music producer who was ranked number one on ''DJ Mag''s Top 100 DJs list for three consecutive years—201 ...

, W&W and the like. Some national electronic music producers have appeared; however, the development of the producer scene is at a much earlier stage than its fanbase, partly because of the country's music labels focus on dancehall and its subgenres. However, a well-known Dancehall producer from the country, Predikador, has had an experimental venture on electronic dance genres in his "2050" series of sequentially named tracks, which have drawn from the popular EDM genres at the time each track was made (namely,

Dubstep Dubstep is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in South London in the early 2000s. The style emerged as a UK garage offshoot that blended 2-step rhythms and sparse dub production, as well as incorporating elements of broken be ...

and

Big Room House Big room house or simply big room is a fusion subgenre of house music (notably progressive house and electro house) that gained popularity in the early 2010s. Characterized by its simple instrumentation yet complex structure, big room house soon ...

). Also worth mentioning is

Pedro Altamiranda Pedro Altamiranda Félez (30 November 1935 – 7 March 2024) was a Panamanian singer and composer known for his Carnival songs. Altamiranda sang about the culture and politics of Panama using humorous Panamanian slang. This attracted the atten ...

and his historically popular music spanning several generations and political moments. His songs have a comedic tone and are often

satirical Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming or e ...

; some of which have been banned by leaders like

Manuel Noriega Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (; February 11, 1934 – May 29, 2017) was a Panamanian dictator, politician and military officer who was the ''de facto'' List of heads of state of Panama, ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989. An authoritaria ...

. Despite this, his influence has persisted, and many popular phrases and slang used in Panama are lyrics from Altamiranda's songs.

Composers

Narciso Garay Narciso Garay Díaz (June 12, 1876 – March 27, 1953) was a Panamanian violinist, composer, and political figure. Born in Panama City, Garay was the son of painter ; his sister was the poet Nicole Garay. He studied at the Royal Conservatory of ...

, classical, symphonic interpretations of Panama Folklore * Nicholas Aceves Nunez, Cumbia, Panama Folklore, Pasillo. * José Luis Rodríguez Vélez, cumbia, bolero, pasillo * Carlos Eleta Almarán "Dartañan", bolero *

, salsa *

Omar Alfanno Omar Enrique Alfanno Velásquez, better known as Omar Alfanno, is a Panamanian singer-songwriter of Latin music who is most active in the salsa and merengue genres. ''Reuters'' noted him as "one of Latin music's premiere songwriters and the man b ...

, Salsa *

Erika Ender Erika María Ender Simoes (born 21 December 1974) is a Panamanian-American singer and songwriter. In addition to her singing career, Ender is considered one of the most important and prolific composers in the Latin music market today. Along with ...

, Latin pop, salsa, reguetón, ballad * Gaitanes, Latin pop, salsa, merengue, ballad *

, jazz, swing *

, jazz *

Roque Cordero Roque Cordero (August 16, 1917 – December 27, 2008) was a Panamanian composer.De Lerma, Dominique-Rene"African Heritage Symphonic Series" Liner note essay. Cedille Records CDR061. Life Born in Panama City, he studied composition under Ern ...

, classical * Samuel Robles, classical * Mr.Rico reggae Dance hall *

, reggae *

, reggae * Jamilka Kennedy, Salsa

Music Director

* Aurelio Escudero * José Luis Rodríguez Vélez * Armando Boza * Luciano Muñóz *

* Dino Nugent

Singers

, reggae and reggaeton *

Apache Ness Ernest Brown, better known as The Apache Ness, Apache Ness or Ness and The Sensationals (Ness y Los Sensacionales), is a Panamanian musician of Reggae en Español. He was born in the province of Colon, Republic of Panama, to parents Claudia Brown ...

, reggae * Mr. Rico, reggae Dance hall *

Eddy Lover Eduardo Mosquera (born March 15, 1985), better known by his stage name Eddy Lover, is a Panamanian reggaeton and Spanish reggae singer-songwriter. Eddy Lover rose to inte ...

, reggaeton * Edwin Benitez, rock * El Roockie, reggae and reggaeton *

Flex Flex or FLEX may refer to: Computing * Flex (language), developed by Alan Kay * FLEX (operating system), a single-tasking operating system for the Motorola 6800 * FlexOS, an operating system developed by Digital Research * FLEX (protocol), a comm ...

, reggaeton * Gaitanes, salsa and tropical singers *

Joey Montana Edgardo Antonio Miranda Beiro (born May 3, 1982), better known as Joey Montana, is a Panamanian reggaeton singer. He is best known for the hit singles " Picky" and his collaboration with Sebastián Yatra, " Suena El Dembow". Biography After f ...

, reggaeton *

, reggae and reggaeton *

La Factoría La Factoría was a Panamanian reggaeton and Reggae en Español group led by Marlen Romero better known by her stage name Demphra. Initially the group was formed by Marlen Romero (Demphra), Johanna Mendoza (Joysi Love), Edgardo Miranda (MC Joe) a ...

, reggaeton * Latin Fresh, hip hop, reggae and reggaeton *

Lorna Lorna is a feminine given name. The name is said to have been first coined by R. D. Blackmore for the heroine of his novel ''Lorna Doone'', which appeared in 1869. Blackmore appears to have derived this name from the Scottish placename ''Lorn''/' ...

, reggae and reggaeton *

Makano Hernán Enrique Jiménez Pino (born May 7, 1983), is a Panamanian singer better known by his stage name Makano. At the age of 12, Jiménez was part of a reggaeton group called "Los Makanos". The members of the group made a promise that the firs ...

, reggaeton * Mikk D'Wolff, rock *

Tony Moro Tony may refer to: People and fictional characters * Tony (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Gregory Tony (born 1978), American law enforcement officer * Motu Tony (born 1981), New Zealand international rugby leag ...

, bolero, chachachá * Barbara Wilson, jazz *

Sandra Sandoval Sandra or SANDRA may refer to: People * Sandra (given name) * Sandra (singer) (born 1962), German pop singer * Margaretha Sandra (1629–1674), Dutch soldier * Sandra (orangutan), who won the legal right to be defined as a "non-human person" Pla ...

, pindín * Catalina "Catita" Carrasco, cumbia (d. 2012) * Lucho De Sedas *

, Salsa * Renato

Accordion

* Aceves Nunez * Rogelio "Gelo" Córdoba * Ulpiano Vergara * Juan De Sedas * Dorindo Cárdenas * Victorio Vergara * Yin Carrizo * Samy Sandoval * Osvaldo Ayala * Ceferino Nieto * Roberto "Fito" Espino * Papi Brandao * Alfredo Escudero * Isaac de León

Trumpet

* Victor "Vitin" Paz

Mejoranera

* Juan Andrés Castillo * Los Juglares del Dexas

Organist

* Luis "Lucho" Azcárraga * Ismael "Chacho" De La Rosa * Toby Muñoz * Avelino Muñoz

Guitar

* Emiliano Pardo Tristán

Violin

Samuel Ramos Samuel Ramos Magaña, PhD (1897 – June 20, 1959), was a Mexican philosopher and writer. Ramos was born in Zitácuaro, Michoacán, and in 1909 entered the Colegio de San Nicolás Hidalgo (Michoacán's state university). He published his f ...

* Clímaco Batista

Musical producers

Predikador Predikador (born Víctor Delgado) is a reggaeton producer from Arraiján, Panama.Rodriguez, Lineth (2007)Con los pesos pesados, '' Panama America'', 27 September 2007, retrieved 2011-02-06 He is signed to Mas Flow Inc. Musical career Eddie De ...

Roberto Blades Roberto Blades is a Panamanian Salsa singer. His most popular songs are "Ya No Regreso Contigo", "Lagrimas", "Poquita Fe", "Casco", "Detalles", "El Artista Famoso", "Victima de Afecto", "Flor Dormida" and "Si Estuvieras Conmigo" among many mor ...

* Gaitanes * Herman (chispa) Lawson * Dino Nugent

References

*Brill, Mark. Music of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2nd Edition, 2018. Taylor & Francis

External links

BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Tamborito drumming and Yin Carrizo.
Accessed November 25, 2010.
BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Kuna Indians, Lord Panama and Cumbia.
Accessed November 25, 2010.

where you can find all Panamanian radio broadcasters and listen to the music of your choice.
Music of Panama at Panama1.com
Videos and sounds of different national rhythms from Panama.
Radicales Libres at myspace.com
Radicales Libres - Music and Photos

ROGAM Tribute Page in Facebook {{DEFAULTSORT:Music Of Panama Panamanian music,